Direct Indirect Speech

         Halo, readers. Lagi-lagi kita ketemu dengan materi Inggris dari Ibu Dra. Endang Rokhimaningsih(kagak effectife banget. Hehe). Yaitu Direct Indirect Speech. Let's check it out!

        

COMPLEX SENTENCES ( kalimat majemuk bertingkat ):

I.              DIRECT-INDIRECT SPEECH.

If Reporting Verbs or Introductory Verbs  are  present ( present tense, present future tense, present perfect tense ), so there are no changing in “ tenses and adverbial of time and place”.And only “pronouns” which change.

Example :

1. Direct Speech : He says,”Iam a teacher “.

    Indirect Speech : He says that he is a teacher.

2. Direct Speech : He has said,” I can speak English “.

    Indirect Speech : He has said that he can speak English.

3. Direct Speech : She will tell me,” Iam ready to come with you “.

    Indirect Speech : She will tell me that she is ready  to come with me.

4. Direct Speech : He says, “ Iam a teacher “.

    Indirect Speech : He said that  he was a teacher.

5. Direct Speech : He says, Iam a teacher.

    Indirect Speech : He said that he is a teacher.

6. Direct Speech : He said, “ Iam a teacher “.

    Indirect Speech : He said that he was a teacher.

7. Direct Speech : He says, “ I was a teacher “.

    Indirect Speech : He says that he was a teacher.

8. Direct Speech : He said, “ I was a teacher “.

    Indirect Speech : He said that he had been a teacher.

9. Direct Speech : He says, “ The sun rises in the east and sets in the west “.

    Indirect Speech : He said that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.

10. Direct Speech : He said, “ The sun rises in the east and sets in the west “.

    Indirect Speech : He said that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.

11. Direct Speech : He says, “ The sun rises in the east and sets in the west “.

      Indirect Speech : He says that the sun rises in the east and sets in the

                                    west.

12. Direct Speech : He says, “ I usually got up at 4 A.M  every morning “.

    Indirect Speech : He says that he  usually got  up at 4 A.M every  morning.

13. Direct Speech : He says, “ I usually get up at 4 A.M every morning”.

      Indirect Speech : He said that he usually gets up 4 A.M every morning.

If Introductory verbs or Reporting verbs are past ( past tense or  past pefect tense ),so  there are some changes, such as :

1 The changing  of tenses.

     Direct Speech                                                                         Indirect Speech

- Present Tense                                                  Past Tense

- Present Continuous Tense                           Past Continuous Tense.

- Present Future Tense                                   Past Future Tense.

- Present Perfect Tense                                  Past Perfect Tense.

- Present Perfect Continuous Tense             Past Perfect Continuous Tense

- Past Tense                                                     Past Perfect Tense

- Past Continuous Tense                                Past Perfect Continuous Tense

- Past Perfect Tense                                       Past Perfect Tense

- Past Perfect Continuous Tense                  Past Perfect Continuous Tense

- Present Future Continuous Tense              Past Future Continuous Tense

- Present Future Perfect  Tense                   Past Future Perfect Tense

- Past Future Tense                                       Past Future Tense

2. The changing of adverbial of time and place.

- now                                   then, at that moment, at once.

- today                                that day

- yesterday                        the day before

- .... ago                               ...... before

- last......                             ........ before/ the previous......

- tomorrow                        the next day/ the day after

- next......                           the following.......

- this                                   that

- these                                those

- here                                   there

- the day before yesterday        two days before

3. The changing of Pronouns.

KIND OF INDIRECT SPEECH :

A. Imperative command  and request ( positive ).

      Examples :

1. He said,” Read it silently !”

    He ordered me to read it silently.

2. He says, “ Study hard,please !

    He asks me to study hard.

3.Mrs. Endang said to  Afnizal,” Would you help me to write down your

   Friends who are absent today ? ( REQUEST )

   Mrs. Endang told Afnizal  to help her to write down his friends who were

   absent that day.

4.Bagus said to Hilfi ,” Could you do a favor for me, please ?” ( REQUEST )

   Bagus told Hilfi  to do a favor for him.

5. Yudan said to Tamara, “ Will you help me , please ?” ( REQUEST ).

    Yudan asked Tamara  to help him.

B. Imperative command and request ( negative ).

     Example :

 1. He said,” Don’t smoke here !”

     He told me not to smoke there.

2. He has said , “ Don’t be noisy, please “!

    He has asked us not to be noisy.

C. Statement.

    Example :

1. Yudan   said,” Tamara  met  Hilfi  yesterday “.

    Yudan  said that  Tamara  had met Hilfi  the day before.

D. ‘WH” questions. ( WHO, WHAT,WHICH,WHERE,HOW ,WHY,WHOM,WHOSE,WHEN,HOW........)

    Example :

 4. Afnizal  asked Bella  ,” Where do you live  ?”

    Afnizal  asked Bella  where she  lived.

E. YES/NO questions ( To do , To be , To have , Modal Auxiliaries )

    Example :

 5.  Bagus asked Nazula ,” Have you met my mother ?”

      Bagus  asked  Nazula  if (whether) she  had met his mother.

6. Yudan asked Tamara, “ Could you do the test?”

    Yudan  asked  Tamara if ( whether ) she could do the test.

ADDITION :

1.He said, “ If my children were older, I would emigrate “.

   He said that if his children were older he would emigrate.

2.He said, “ I wish I knew “.

   He said that he wished he knew.

3.She said,” I’d rather Tom went “.

   She said that she’d rather Tom went.

4.”Shall I bring you some tea ?” ( OFFERS ).

     He offered to bring me some tea.

5. “ Shall we meet at the theatre ?” ( SUGGESTION ).

     He suggested meeting at the theatre.

6. He said, “ Will you help me , please ?” ( REQUEST ).

    He asked me to help him.

7. He said,” Will you have a drink ? or Would you like a drink ?” ( INVITATION ).

    He offered me a drink. Or : He asked if I would have a drink. Or: He asked me

    if  I would like a drink.

8. He said, “ Will you have lunch with me tomorrow ?” (  INVITATION ).

    He invited me or He asked me to lunch with him the following day.

9.” If I were you , I should leave the town at once,” he said.

    He advised me to leave the town at once.

10.He said, “ Don’t open the door “.

     He told me not to open the door .

   Or : He said that I wasn’t to open the door.

11. He says, “ Meet me at the station “.( A COMMAND IN PRESENT TENSE ).

      He says that we are to meet him at the station.

    OR : He tells us to meet him . ( much less likely ).

12. He said, “ If she leaves the house follow her “. ( A COMMAND PRECEDED

      BY A CLAUSE ).

      He said that if she left the house I was to follow her.

      OR : He told me to follow her if she left the house.

13. He said,” When you go out lock both doors “.

      He said that when I went out I was to lock both doors.

    OR : He told me to lock both doors when I went out.

14. He said ,” If your brakes are bad don’t drive so fast “.

      He told me ( said that ) if my brakes were bad I shouldn’t drive so fast.

    OR : He advised me not to drive so fast if my brakes were bad.

15. He said, ‘ Let’s stop now and finish it later “. ( SUGGESTION )

     He suggested stopping then and finishing it later.

     OR : He suggested that they / we should stop then and finish it later

16. He said, ” Let’s not say anything about it untill we hear more facts “. (

    SUGGESTION ).

      He suggested not saying anything / saying nothing about it till they / we

     heard more facts.

     OR : He suggested that they / we shouldn’t say anything till we / they heard.

17. The strike leader said,” Let’s show the bosses that we are united”. ( A CALL  TO ACTION ).

      The strike leader urged the workers to show the bosses that they were united.

18. The headmaster said, “ Let us not miss this splendid opportunity “.

       The headmaster urged his staff not to miss the splendid opportunity.

19. “ Let no one speak to this girl,” said the headmaster. ( A REAL COMMAND ).

    The headmaster said that no one was to speak to the girl.

OR : The headmaster ordered that no one should speak to her.

20. “ Let the gates be left open “, said the commander.

     The commander said that the gates were to be left open.

    OR : The commander ordered that the gates should be left open.

21. He said ,” People must obey their country’s laws “. ( PERMANENT COMMAND ).

      He said that people must obey their country’s laws.

22. They ( The students who are in the classroom ) said, “ They  ( The students who are absent without asking  permission ) must go to the classroom room “.

      They said that they had to go to the classroom room

23. My teacher said,” I think you should take another English course “.

      My teacher advised me to take another English course.

24. Joe said,” Please come to my party ! “

     Joe said,” Can you come to my party ?”

     Joe said,” Would you like to come to my party ?”

    = Joe invited me to come to his party.

EXERCISES :

Change the following sentences into reported speech !

1. Tom said,” I have already eaten lunch “.

2. “ What are you thinking about ?”Karen asked me.

3. “ Did you finish your work ?” Jackie asked me.

4. He told me,” Don’t clean it yourself !”.

5. He asked her,” Bring me a book !”.

6. He told me,” I lost my temper yesterday “.

7. He asked her,” Why didn’t you put on your new dress ?”

8. My friend asked me,” Could you remember when you saw the film ?”

9.Ira asked him,” Who broke my pen ?”

10. I asked him, “ Was your sister seriously ill two months ago ?”

11.She asked me,” Did you see the film ?”

12.She asked me, “ How much money did you have yesterday ?”

13. I asked her, “ How long will it take you to reach the beach ?”

14.He asked her,” Which car is yours ?”

15.Mother asked me, “ Why did you forget to post it ?”

16. She asked me,” Has he painted the wall ?”

17. John asked me,” May she borrow your pen ?”

18. Dad asked me,” How often do you visit her ?”

19. Satria asked me,” What subject do you teach ?”

20. John asked me,” Is it true that they were seen in the theatre ?”

TEXT : 1

This text is for questions number ......

            Nasreddin  was a good farmer. He had a large garden and many donkeys. But Nasreddin was always foolish. Nasredin used to work in his garden helped by his son, Simon. They worked hard everyday. They never went to the market which was four miles away from their village, while the other villagers often did.

            One day Nasreddin said to Simon, “A lot of people go to the market when the day comes, but we never go”. Simon replied, “You are right, and we should go too”.

            “But we don’t have money”.

            “We can sell our biggest donkey to buy food and drink in the market”.

            When the market day came, Nasreddin and Simon with their biggest donkey went to the market. Nasreddin led the donkey and Simon followed them.

            When they were walking, a villager greeted them with smile, “Poor Nasreddin, donkey is for riding, why do you walk? Ride on your donkey!”Nasreddin nodded  and soon  he rode on his donkey while Simon  was walking behind them.

            After half a mile walking, another villager said, “Why are you riding on your donkey while your son is walking ?He is now too tired”. Hearing this, Nasreddin offered Simon to sit behind him on the donkey back. They were so heavy that it was difficult to walk.

            A man by the road asked Nasreddin,”Are you going to the market ?”Nasreddin replied, “It is true, we are going to sell our donkey  for money “. The man commented,”You are too heavy for your donkey, he will get tired, ill and die before you reach the market”.

            Soon, Nasreddin and Simon climbed down the donkey. They wanted their donkey healthy and fat to sell. They carried their donkey on their shoulders. When they reached the market, everybody got surprised  and suddenly someone asked,”Is your donkey ill, Nasreddin?” “No, it is not, it is healthy”, said Nasreddin angrily.”But why are you carrying it on your shoulders, people usually ride on their donkeys,” said the other. “We want it fatter and become more expensive”, Nasreddin replied.

            Another man interrupted,”Your donkey must be ill, it can’t walk, we don’t want to buy it”.This man shouted with a smile,”Hi everbody, look!, Nasreddin wants to sell his sick donkey expensively”. All visitors laughed at Nasreddin.

Change into Indirect Speech !

1.Direct Speech    :   “Nasreddin said to Simon, “A lot of people go to the

                                   market  when the day comes, but we never go”.

 = Indirect Speech : “   Nasreddin told Simon that a lot of people went to the

                                   market when the day came, but they never went.

2.Direct Speech : Simon replied, “You are right, and we should go too”.

  = Indirect Speech : Simon told his father that he was right , and they should go

  too.

3. Direct Speech : Simon said to his father : “But we don’t have money”.“We

                                                                           can sell our biggest donkey to

                                                                            buy food and drink in the market”.

  =  Indirect Speech : Simon told his father that they didn’t have money , but

                                 they could sell their biggest donkey to buy food and drink

                                 in the market.

           

4.Another villager said to Nasredin, “Why are you riding on your donkey while

   your son is walking ?He is now too tired”

= Another villager asked Nasredin why he was riding on his donkey while his son was walking and he was too tired then.

5.A man by the road asked Nasreddin,”Are you going to the market ?

= A man by the road asked Nasredin if ( whether ) he was going to the market.

6.Nasreddin replied, “It is true, we are going to sell our donkey  for money “.

= Nasreddin replied that it was true they were going to sell their donkey for money.

7.The man commented to Nasreddin,”You are too heavy for your donkey, he will get tired, ill and die before you reach the market”.

= The man commented that he was too heavy for his donkey, and he would get tired, ill  and then  died before he reached the market.